The preferences of men are associated with the fact that they want to be confident in their potential paternity, researchers say.

According to genetics, parents with blue, gray or green eyes, most likely, will be born a bright -eyed baby. And the child will have brown eyes with a light -eyed and brown -eyed parent. All because bright eyes are a recessive sign, and brown eyes are a dominant gene that inhibits the manifestation of a recessive sign.

That is why, in order to increase their confidence in paternity, many fair -haired and bright -eyed men unconsciously choose a partner with recessive signs – with blond, inexpensive hair, straight nose, narrow nostrils, lips and gray, green or blue eyes.

This fact found confirmation in the latest study of the Italian scientist Paola Bressan. 1237 residents of Italy took part in her work, who identify themselves as heterosexuals or bisexuals who prefer female partners. Participants were shown 10 images of “attractive young European women with different eyes”. And they had to indicate which woman they would choose for short -term and long -term relationships and how, in their opinion, she is attractive.

The results of the study showed: fair -haired men in 68% of cases chose light -eyed women. And dark -eyed – in 58% of cases. Based on this, Bressan suggested that Men, especially light -eyed, when searching for long -term relationships, prefer women with bright eyes and consider them more attractive. And all because in the future it will help them be more confident in their

paternity.

What can you cost you friendship

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? Moving to another country? Change in lifestyle? Serious discrepancies in views? There is no at all: to lose a loved one, it is often enough just to behave as described below.

1. Comparison with others

We will be honest: none of us are pleased when we are compared with others, especially if the comparison is not in our favor. If you often tell a friend about some of your friends or praise friends of friends, sooner or later he can decide that you do not value him, that what he does for you is not enough, and he himself is not good enough.

So do not rush to tell an old friend about how stylishly your current environment is dressed or how interesting you are with new acquaintances. Try to appreciate the path that you made together, and the fact that he remained nearby when you needed it. Respectly treat what a friend does, even if it seems to you that his progress and successes are not so great.

2. Reminders of past mistakes

Remembering your own failures is quite painful, but you know that it is even more unpleasant? When someone else reminds us of them, especially if this “someone” is a person whom we consider a friend.

Therefore, you should not remind a loved one about the accident that he got into, every time he offers you to give up. Of course, if you do not feel safe when he is driving, you do not need to agree, but you can always find another good pretext to avoid a joint trip.

3. Disrespect for the point of view, different from your

A discrepancy in values, religious and ideological views, political views and beliefs – all this is not the reason to convince a friend or depreciate his point of view.

Even if we do not agree with someone else’s opinion, it should be respected (if the views of a person are categorically thrown to you, just do not communicate with him).

4. Looking for flaws

As the English poet Alexander Pup said, “mistaken – humanly, forgive – divine”. All of us have their own shortcomings: your friend can write with mistakes, or make incorrect stresses in words, or be completely devoid of musical hearing, but if he does not ask you to correct it, do not do this. And, of course, do not blame him every time something goes wrong.

5. Betrayal

When we have to be tight, we expect a friend to help us, will be near, will not betray and will not go over to the side of the “enemy”. And our friends, in turn, expect the same from us: that we will not throw them in trouble, we will not turn away, we will not leave alone when we are most needed. With one such act, we can cross out the years of warm friendship.

Yes, you can have many advantages as a friend: you can be an excellent conversationalist, intellectual, soul of the company. But to preserve close relationships, it is much more important not to behave as described above. After all, becoming better is not only to acquire new positive features and qualities, but also to get rid of old negative.

In fairy tales, animals and plants communicate in the human language. Of course, this is impossible in life, but this does not mean that nature is silent. We tell you what kind of code language the hares use, how beeches express solidarity and why scientists are skeptical of biomo sodetics.

Zoosemiotics was born in the mid-70s, it owes the appearance of zoologists, ethologists, biologists, linguists and philosophers who relied on the works of German biologist Jacob von Ikskuly. In his opinion, all living creatures live and develop in their own environments, in which there are systems of signs for interaction with the outside world. We’ll figure out the examples.

Hares against foxes and dogs

So, zoosemiotics studies ways of interacting animals with each other, other species and, in general with the environment.

So, for Enthony Holly, there is no doubt that animals communicate with each other with the help of signs. 5000 hours of observation of hares and foxes provided him with convincing evidence. Hares can easily be saved from the fox if they notice it in time. When they see a stealing predator, they do not run away, but willingly discover themselves without hiding. After which the fox usually does not pursue them. What is happening? According to Holly, the foxes know that hares are running faster, and if they are already discovered, there are no chances to catch up with the victim. Hares know the awareness of the foxes, so they demonstrate themselves, explaining to the predator that he was discovered. With the help of such a dialogue, animals avoid useless persecution.

Now, if the hare understands that the dog attacked his trail

, he is fleeing with all the agility that he is capable. The hare knows that the dog can catch him if desired.

Can plants say?

In Africa, there is a breed of acacia, which, when the giraffes approaches, immediately poison their leaves and distinguish ethylene, warning neighboring trees about danger. Giraffes know about this, therefore they choose between two tactics: they look for another food or use the opposite direction of the wind to quickly pounce on the still “unconducted” acacias.

The German scientist and writer Peter Volleben describes the amazing property of the bean. When one of the trees weakens in the beech forest (poor soil, illness), its “relatives” feed it with carbohydrates through a cunning joint root system. This behavior means that they have coordination or cooperation on joint growth. According to the scientist, trees can communicate, they have several ways to express, including sounds. Their roots are the equivalent of the brain. They also have a memory that allows you to throw leaves in time every year.

What science thinks?

Despite the creation in 2005 of the International Society of Biosemiotic Research, this discipline still causes skepticism among scientists, they see in it rather a philosophy, and not an empirical scientific course.

Obviously, the methods of communications in bacteria and mammals cannot be the same, in plants and animals they are also different. This does not prevent the supporters of biosemiotics from continuing research and prove that all living things on Earth communicate with the help of signs and signals. If for biologists evolution and biodiversity are the result of natural selection, then for them it is the result of mutual influence, communication with the help of special signs.